True / False / Not Given
Today: learn two of the most confusing IELTS Reading tasks.
Bu darsda o'quvchi IELTS Readingning eng ko'p chalkashtiriladigan ikki vazifasini o'rganadi: True/False/Not Given (faktlarni tekshirish) va Yes/No/Not Given (muallif fikrini tekshirish). TRUE, FALSE va NOT GIVEN o'rtasidagi aniq farq, ayniqsa FALSE bilan NOT GIVEN'ni ajratish, misollar orqali chuqur tushuntiriladi. O'quvchi javobni faqat matndagi dalilga asoslanib berishni, o'z bilimi yoki taxminiga tayanmaslikni o'rganadi. Dars amaliy matn va mashqlar bilan mustahkamlanadi.
Bu darsda o'rganamiz:
- TRUE, FALSE va NOT GIVEN o'rtasidagi aniq farqni tushunish
- YES, NO va NOT GIVEN vazifasini TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN'dan farqlash
- Savoldagi kalit so'zlarni matndan scanning orqali topish
- FALSE va NOT GIVEN'ni chalkashtirmaslik ko'nikmasini rivojlantirish
- Javobni faqat matn dalili asosida berishni mashq qilish
Strategiya
TRUE vs FALSE vs NOT GIVEN — the exact difference
TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN — aniq farqi
TRUE — gap matndagi ma'lumotga to'liq mos keladi, garchi boshqa so'zlar bilan (paraphrase) yozilgan bo'lsa ham. FALSE — matn gapga ANIQ qarama-qarshi ma'lumot beradi, ya'ni mavzu bir xil, lekin tafsilot ziddiyatli. NOT GIVEN — matnda bu gap haqida umuman ma'lumot yo'q; mavzu mutlaqo tilga olinmagan yoki yetarli dalil berilmagan. Bu uch variantni to'g'ri ajratish uchun har doim savol qaysi passage'ga tegishli ekanini va savollar matn tartibiga mos kelishini yodda tutish kerak. Eng ko'p xato — FALSE va NOT GIVEN'ni chalkashtirish: FALSE uchun matnda ANIQ zid ma'lumot bo'lishi shart, aks holda javob NOT GIVEN bo'ladi. Savol matni: 'Do the statements agree with the information given in the passage?' — bu format aynan True/False/Not Given ekanini bildiradi.
Bosqichlar:
- Savoldagi kalit so'zlarni belgilang.
- Matndan o'sha joyni scanning bilan toping.
- Gapni matn bilan solishtiring: tasdiqlaydimi (TRUE), qarshimi (FALSE), yoki umuman yo'qmi (NOT GIVEN).
- Javobni faqat matndagi dalil asosida belgilang, taxmin qilmang.
Qachon ishlatiladi:
- Faktik ma'lumot savollarida
- Savollar passage tartibiga mos keladigan bo'limlarda
Namunalar:
| English | Izoh |
|---|---|
| Statement: The museum is free on Sundays. Passage: 'Entry costs £5 every day.' -> FALSE | Matn qarama-qarshi ma'lumot beryapti, shuning uchun FALSE. |
| Statement: The author enjoyed the trip. Passage: (no opinion given) -> NOT GIVEN | Matnda muallif fikri umuman yo'q, shuning uchun NOT GIVEN. |
Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar:
- FALSE va NOT GIVEN'ni chalkashtirish — FALSE uchun matn ANIQ qarshi bo'lishi kerak
- O'z bilimingizga tayanib javob berish (faqat matnga qarang)
Yes / No / Not Given — checking the writer's view
Yes / No / Not Given — muallif fikrini tekshirish
Yes/No/Not Given vazifasi tashqi ko'rinishidan True/False/Not Given'ga o'xshaydi, lekin u faktlarni emas, muallifning fikri, da'vosi yoki bahosini tekshiradi. YES — gap muallifning fikriga mos keladi. NO — muallif aynan teskari fikr bildiradi. NOT GIVEN — muallifning bu haqdagi fikri matnda umuman bildirilmagan. Savol matni odatda 'Do the statements agree with the claims of the writer?' yoki 'agree with the views of the writer' shaklida beriladi — bu format Yes/No/Not Given ekanini ko'rsatadi. Bu vazifada oddiy faktlarni emas, balki muallif fikr bildirgan joylarni (masalan, 'argues', 'believes', 'in my view', 'surprisingly') qidirish kerak.
Bosqichlar:
- Savol matnida 'writer's view/claims' iborasi borligiga qarab vazifa turini aniqlang.
- Matnda muallif fikrini bildiruvchi so'zlarni (argues, believes, suggests) toping.
- Gapni muallif fikriga solishtiring: mos keladimi (YES), teskarimi (NO), yoki fikr aytilmaganmi (NOT GIVEN).
- Faktlarni emas, aynan bahoni/fikrni tekshirayotganingizni unutmang.
Qachon ishlatiladi:
- Savol sarlavhasida 'writer's claims' yoki 'writer's views' iborasi bo'lganda
- Muallif bahosi yoki argumenti aniqlanishi kerak bo'lganda
Namunalar:
| English | Izoh |
|---|---|
| Question wording: Do the statements agree with the writer's claims? | Bu ibora vazifa Yes/No/Not Given ekanini ko'rsatadi, faktik emas. |
| YES: the statement agrees with the writer's view. NO: the writer gives the opposite view. | YES — muallif fikriga mos, NO — muallif teskari fikr bildiradi. |
Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar:
- Yes/No/Not Given'ni True/False/Not Given bilan bir xil deb hisoblab, faktlarni qidirish
- Muallif fikri aytilmagan joyda o'zicha xulosa chiqarib YES yoki NO deb belgilash
Locate the Exact Evidence Before Deciding
Qaror qabul qilishdan oldin aniq dalilni toping
Har ikkala vazifada ham eng muhim qadam — javobni belgilashdan oldin matndan aniq dalil topishdir. Avval savoldagi kalit so'zlarni (ism, sana, raqam yoki noyob atama) belgilang, so'ng ularni scanning orqali matndan qidiring. Savollar odatda matn tartibiga mos kelgani uchun, oldingi savol javobi topilgan joydan keyin izlashni davom ettiring. Kalit so'zni topgach, atrofidagi gapni diqqat bilan o'qib, aniq nima aytilganini tekshiring — chunki savol so'zlari matnda ko'pincha paraphrase qilingan bo'ladi. Agar kalit so'z bir necha marta uchrasa, har birini tekshirib, savolga eng mos kelganini tanlang.
Bosqichlar:
- Savoldagi asosiy ot va sonlarni belgilang.
- Matndan shu so'zlarga oid joyni scanning bilan toping.
- Topilgan gapni to'liq o'qib, ma'noni aniqlang.
- Faqat shu dalilga tayanib javob bering.
Qachon ishlatiladi:
- Har bir T/F/NG yoki Y/N/NG savolida
- Kalit so'z matnda paraphrase qilingan bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan holatlarda
Namunalar:
| English | Izoh |
|---|---|
| Question: The centre opened in 2014. Passage: 'The centre first welcomed visitors in 2014.' -> TRUE | 'opened' = 'first welcomed visitors' — fakt bir xil, so'zlar boshqa. |
| Question: The trial was funded by a university. Passage: 'Researchers tested the method in three hospitals.' -> NOT GIVEN | Kasalxonalar tilga olingan, lekin moliyalashtirish haqida hech narsa aytilmagan. |
Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar:
- Dalilni to'liq o'qimasdan, faqat bitta so'zga qarab javob berish
- Oldingi savol javobidan ancha oldingi qismdan qidirish (savollar odatda matn tartibiga mos keladi)
Paraphrase namunalari
| Savolda | Matnda (paraphrase) | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| began | was founded / started | Savoldagi so'z matnda sinonim bilan beriladi — aynan so'zni izlamang. |
| a lot of people | the majority / numerous | Miqdor iboralari qayta ifodalanadi. |
| opened | first welcomed visitors | opened = first welcomed visitors — voqea bir xil, ifoda boshqa. |
| lasted six months | continued for almost two years | Bu ibora aslida qarama-qarshi ma'noni beradi — bu FALSE holatiga misol, paraphrase emas. |
| funded by a university | tested in three hospitals | Bu ikki ibora bog'liq emas — moliyalashtirish haqida hech qanday ma'lumot yo'q, shuning uchun NOT GIVEN. |
| reduced noise | the project reduced noise near the harbour | Savoldagi fikr matnda deyarli bir xil so'zlar bilan tasdiqlanadi. |
| ticket prices stayed unchanged | ticket prices stayed unchanged | 'unchanged' so'zi 'stayed the same' ma'nosini beradi, 'became cheaper' emas. |
| introduced electric buses | a coastal town introduced electric buses on its busiest route | Sana va harakat to'g'ridan-to'g'ri mos keladi — TRUE uchun aniq dalil. |
Lug'at (Vocabulary)
| So'z | Turkum | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| state (v) | verb | bayon qilmoq, aytmoq | The article states that prices rose. — Maqolada narxlar oshgani aytiladi. |
| claim (n/v) | noun/verb | da'vo, da'vo qilmoq | The writer claims that the method is effective. — Muallif usul samarali ekanini da'vo qiladi. |
| contradict (v) | verb | qarama-qarshi bo'lmoq, inkor qilmoq | The second paragraph contradicts the first. — Ikkinchi paragraf birinchisiga qarama-qarshi keladi. |
| confirm (v) | verb | tasdiqlamoq | The report confirms the earlier findings. — Hisobot avvalgi natijalarni tasdiqlaydi. |
| mention (v) | verb | eslatib o'tmoq, tilga olmoq | The passage does not mention the cost. — Matnda narx haqida hech narsa tilga olinmagan. |
| argue (v) | verb | bahslashmoq, dalil bilan isbotlamoq | Critics argue that the plan is too expensive. — Tanqidchilar reja juda qimmat ekanini ta'kidlaydi. |
| opinion (n) | noun | fikr, qarash | The writer's opinion is clear in the last paragraph. — Muallifning fikri oxirgi paragrafda aniq ko'rinadi. |
| unchanged (adj) | adjective | o'zgarmagan | Ticket prices remained unchanged. — Chipta narxlari o'zgarmay qoldi. |
| trial (n) | noun | sinov, tajriba | The trial lasted almost two years. — Sinov deyarli ikki yil davom etdi. |
| route (n) | noun | marshrut, yo'nalish | Electric buses now run on the busiest route. — Endi eng band marshrutda elektr avtobuslar qatnaydi. |
| coastal (adj) | adjective | sohilbo'yi, qirg'oqqa oid | A coastal town introduced new buses. — Sohilbo'yi shahri yangi avtobuslarni joriy qildi. |
| supplier (n) | noun | yetkazib beruvchi | The passage does not name the supplier. — Matnda yetkazib beruvchi kompaniya nomi ko'rsatilmagan. |
| harbour (n) | noun | port, dengiz bandargohi | Noise near the harbour was reduced. — Port yaqinidagi shovqin kamaydi. |
| evidence (n) | noun | dalil | Always check the evidence before answering. — Javob berishdan oldin har doim dalilni tekshiring. |
Mashqlar (Exercises)
1-mashq: TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN
Qisqa matnni o'qing va har bir gapga TRUE, FALSE yoki NOT GIVEN deb javob bering. Matn: 'In 2012, a coastal town introduced electric buses on its busiest route. The project reduced noise near the harbour, but ticket prices stayed unchanged. Officials later considered using the same model in smaller villages.'
- The buses started operating in 2012.
- Tickets became cheaper after the project.
- The town bought the buses from a local company.
- The project lowered noise near the harbour.
- Officials thought about using electric buses in smaller villages.
- The electric buses were more expensive to buy than diesel buses.
2-mashq: YES / NO / NOT GIVEN
Matnni o'qing: 'Officials later considered using the same model in smaller villages, arguing that quieter streets could improve residents' quality of life. However, some experts believe smaller villages do not have enough traffic to justify the cost.' Har bir gap muallif/mutaxassislar fikriga mos kelsa YES, teskari bo'lsa NO, fikr aytilmagan bo'lsa NOT GIVEN deb belgilang.
- Officials believe quieter streets could make life better for residents.
- All experts fully support using electric buses in villages.
- Some experts doubt that villages have enough traffic to justify the cost.
- The experts calculated the exact cost of new buses for villages.
- Residents of the villages were surveyed about the plan.
3-mashq: Scanning — kalit ma'lumotlarni toping
Matn: 'In 2012, a coastal town introduced electric buses on its busiest route. The project reduced noise near the harbour, but ticket prices stayed unchanged.' Savollarga matndan aniq javob toping.
- In which year were the electric buses introduced?
- Where were the electric buses introduced (what kind of town)?
- What kind of route did the buses run on?
- What did the project reduce near the harbour?
- What stayed unchanged after the project?
4-mashq: Paraphrase'larni moslashtiring
Har bir savol iborasiga eng mos paraphrase variantni tanlang.
- began
- was founded
- was destroyed
- was forgotten
- was banned
- a lot of people
- the majority
- a small group
- no one
- one person
- stayed unchanged
- remained the same
- became cheaper
- increased quickly
- disappeared
- reduced noise
- made the area quieter
- made the area louder
- closed the harbour
- built a new road
- considered using
- thought about using
- refused to use
- already used
- forgot to use
5-mashq: Ko'p tanlovli savollar
Matn: 'In 2012, a coastal town introduced electric buses on its busiest route. The project reduced noise near the harbour, but ticket prices stayed unchanged. Officials later considered using the same model in smaller villages.' Savollarga to'g'ri variantni tanlang.
- What did the town introduce in 2012?
- A. New harbour facilities
- B. Electric buses
- C. Lower ticket prices
- D. A new railway
- What effect did the project have near the harbour?
- A. It increased noise
- B. It reduced noise
- C. It had no effect
- D. It closed the harbour
- What happened to ticket prices?
- A. They increased
- B. They decreased
- C. They stayed the same
- D. They were removed
- What did officials consider doing later?
- A. Cancelling the project
- B. Using the same model in smaller villages
- C. Raising ticket prices
- D. Closing the busiest route
- The word 'considered' in the passage is closest in meaning to:
- A. thought about
- B. refused
- C. forgot
- D. denied
Javoblar (Answer key)
1-mashq: TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN: 1. TRUE · 2. FALSE · 3. NOT GIVEN · 4. TRUE · 5. TRUE · 6. NOT GIVEN
2-mashq: YES / NO / NOT GIVEN: 1. YES · 2. NO · 3. YES · 4. NOT GIVEN · 5. NOT GIVEN
3-mashq: Scanning — kalit ma'lumotlarni toping: 1. 2012 · 2. a coastal town · 3. its busiest route · 4. noise · 5. ticket prices
4-mashq: Paraphrase'larni moslashtiring: 1. was founded · 2. the majority · 3. remained the same · 4. made the area quieter · 5. thought about using
5-mashq: Ko'p tanlovli savollar: 1. B · 2. B · 3. C · 4. B · 5. A
Помогите сделать урок лучше
Это был бесплатный урок
В этом и других курсах есть ещё уроки, открытые бесплатно. Зарегистрируйтесь — и прогресс будет сохраняться, ответы проверяться автоматически, а история уроков всегда под рукой.
Прогресс сохраняется
Ответы проверяются автоматически
История уроков всегда доступна